{"id":337,"date":"2025-06-16T16:05:58","date_gmt":"2025-06-16T16:05:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/atomsofsound.org\/?p=337"},"modified":"2025-06-17T23:03:39","modified_gmt":"2025-06-18T03:03:39","slug":"nonback","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/atomsofsound.org\/?p=337","title":{"rendered":"Nonback"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

[nonback]<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n

Counterpart<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

[back]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\n

Feature System<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

SPE <\/em>Features<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Definition<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

 <\/em>The feature [nonback] describes phonemes that are articulated without the retraction of the tongue body from neutral position (Chomsky & Halle 1968:305).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Purpose<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The feature [nonback] helps \u201ccharacterize the placement of the body of the tongue\u201d (Chomsky & Halle 1968:304). This feature separates uvulars and pharyngeals from other segments, and it describes central and back vowels apart from front vowels. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

History<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Chomsky and Halle (1968) introduced the feature [nonback] to describe tongue body placement alongside [back<\/a>],\u00a0 [high<\/strong>], and [low<\/strong>]. They label palatals as [-back] and velars, uvulars, and pharyngeals as [+back] (Chomsky & Halle 1968:304-305).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Phonemes that have the properties of [nonback] are now generally conceptualized as [-back], with front vowels being [-back] and central and back vowels being [+back].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

References<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Chomsky, Noam; and Morris Halle. 1968. The sound pattern of English<\/em>. New York: Harper and Row.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Further Reading<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Mor\u00e9n-Duollj\u00e1, Bruce. 2011. Vowel place. The Blackwell companion to phonology, vol. 1:  General issues and segmental phonology<\/em>, ed. by Marc van Oostendorp et al., 440\u2013464. Malden, MA: Blackwell.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Author<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ainsley Graf<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[nonback] Counterpart [back] Feature System SPE Features Definition  The feature [nonback] describes phonemes that are articulated without the retraction of […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"disabled","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-337","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/atomsofsound.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/337","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/atomsofsound.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/atomsofsound.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atomsofsound.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atomsofsound.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=337"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/atomsofsound.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/337\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":439,"href":"https:\/\/atomsofsound.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/337\/revisions\/439"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/atomsofsound.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=337"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atomsofsound.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=337"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atomsofsound.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=337"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}