{"id":382,"date":"2025-06-17T18:06:29","date_gmt":"2025-06-17T18:06:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/atomsofsound.org\/?p=382"},"modified":"2025-06-17T23:35:13","modified_gmt":"2025-06-18T03:35:13","slug":"unchecked","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/atomsofsound.org\/?p=382","title":{"rendered":"Unchecked"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

[unchecked]<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n

Counterpart<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

[checked]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\n

Feature System<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Jakobsonian Features<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Definition<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The feature [unchecked] is produced with little to no restriction, or checking, by a constriction or blockage by the glottis for airflow, and hence the sound. Often possessing long terminations that fade with time rather than being terminated abruptly (Jakobson, Fant & Halle 1952:21). This leads to these sounds having a lower rate of discharge over a longer time interval and a higher damping of the sounds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Purpose<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The [unchecked] feature existed primarily to be the opposition to the [checked]<\/a> feature, and encompassed most unglottalized sounds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

History<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

These features were first introduced by Jakobson, Fant, & Halle (1952:21) as one of several envelope features<\/strong>.  The [checked] and [unchecked] features were considered to be quite common and said to be found in many native languages of the America\u2019s, Africa, and East Asia (Jakobson, Fant & Halle 1952: 21). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[unchecked] and its counterpart were excluded from The Sound Pattern of English<\/em> system of phonological features, and fell out of common use as the SPE <\/em>features<\/a> came into prominence. It is largely considered obsolete and is no longer in common usage.
Clements-Halle\u00a0 (1983) proposes the feature [constricted]<\/strong>, in reference to the glottis. It is characteristic of the implosives and ejectives, among others. While not the same as [checked]\/[unchecked] the [constr] feature takes on some of the utility that this pair once had.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

References<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Chomsky, Noam & Morris Halle. 1968. The sound pattern of English. New York: Harper & Row.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Halle, Morris; and George N. Clements. 1983. Problem book in phonology: A workbook for courses in introductory linguistics and modern phonology<\/em>. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jakobson, Roman, Gunnar Fant & Morris Halle. 1952. Preliminaries to speech analysis: the distinctive features and their correlates. (MIT Acoustic Laboratory Technical Report 13). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jakobson, Roman; and Morris Halle. 1956. Fundamentals of Language<\/em>. The Hague: Mouton.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Further Reading<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Chomsky, Noam and Morris Halle. 1968. The sound pattern of English<\/em>, pp. 315-316. New York: Harper & Row.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Halle, Morris; and Kenneth N. Stevens. 1971. A note on laryngeal features. MIT R.L.E. Quarterly Progress Report<\/em> 101.198-213.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Author<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Michael Boehmcke<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[unchecked] Counterpart [checked] Feature System Jakobsonian Features Definition The feature [unchecked] is produced with little to no restriction, or checking, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"disabled","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-382","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/atomsofsound.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/382","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/atomsofsound.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/atomsofsound.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atomsofsound.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atomsofsound.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=382"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/atomsofsound.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/382\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":453,"href":"https:\/\/atomsofsound.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/382\/revisions\/453"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/atomsofsound.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=382"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atomsofsound.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=382"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atomsofsound.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=382"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}